Construção de ferramentas para padronização da classificação de risco em Unidade de Urgência de Sergipe / Construction of tools to standardize risk classification in the Emergency Unit of Sergipe

Introdução:as Unidades de Urgência 24 horas utilizam o acolhimento com classificação de risco para atender efetivamente os quadros clínicos ou agudizados. Contudo, alta demanda e falta de sistematização para a realização desse processo dificultam a identificação dos pacientes graves e agilidade no fluxo de atendimento ao aumentar o tempo de espera no atendimento dos usuários. descrever a construção e implementação do Objetivo:protocolo operacional padrão (POP) melhorar o fluxo de atendimento na Unidade de Urgência 24 horas em um município sergipano. Métodos:trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência sobre o processo de construção de um POPpara a classificação de risco e de ferramentas para implementação na unidade, realizado entre novembro de 2022 e fevereiro de 2023. As fundamentações teóricas para construção do protocolo seguiram as diretrizes do Ministério da Saúde sobre acolhimento com classificação de risco e instrumentos adotados em outras unidades de urgência. Conclusões:o uso de ferramentas assistenciais padronizadas é essencial para a resolutividade da superlotação e fluxo de comunicação nas unidades de urgência. Assim, o estudo identificou a necessidade da padronização da classificação de risco, bem como a sua importância para a sensibilização da população.

Non-pharmacological methods for pain relief during mammography: integrative review / Métodos não farmacológicos para o alívio da dor durante mamografia: revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Mammography is an examination of images of the breasts, obtained through radiography with compression of the breast tissue. Pain is a factor constantly reported by patients undergoing the procedure and, for this reason, there is a need to establish alternative non-pharmacological strategies that reduce the sensation of pain. The aim of this study was to carry out an integrative review on non-pharmacological methods used for pain relief during mammography examination. CONTENTS The search was carried out in April 2021 in four databases (Pubmed, Medline, Scopus and CINAHL) using the descriptors "pain", "pain management", "mammography", "music therapy" and "complementary therapies ". After reading and final analysis, four articles met the pre-established criteria, addressing the non-pharmacological management of pain during mammography. The studies showed different methods to reduce pain, such as the use of pads and changes in the compression protocol, as well as the intervention with music. CONCLUSION Evidence on the non-pharmacological management of mammography-related pain is still scarce. Among the strategies found, the customized compression protocol and the use of compressible pads showed analgesic efficacy, while the use of music did not result in a significant reduction in procedural pain. However, as this is an integrative review, there is a need to carry out evidence syntheses with greater methodological rigor to estimate the size of the analgesic effect of these interventions.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS A mamografia é um exame de imagens das mamas, obtidas por meio de radiografia com realização da compressão do tecido mamário. A dor é um fator constantemente relatado pelas pacientes submetidas ao procedimento e, por esse motivo, evidencia-se a necessidade de estabelecer estratégias alternativas não farmacológicas que reduzam a sensação dolorosa. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão integrativa sobre os métodos não farmacológicos utilizados para o alívio da dor durante o exame mamográfico. CONTEÚDO A busca foi realizada no mês de abril de 2021 em quatro bases de dados (Pubmed, Medline, Scopus e CINAHL) utilizando os descritores "dor", "manejo da dor", "mamografia", "musicoterapia" e "terapias complementares". Após a leitura e análise final, quatro artigos atenderam aos critérios preestabelecidos, abordando o manejo não farmacológico da dor durante a mamografia. Os estudos evidenciaram diferentes métodos para redução da dor, como a utilização de almofada e a alteração no protocolo de compressão, bem como a intervenção com música. CONCLUSÃO Evidências sobre o manejo não farmacológico da dor relacionada à mamografia ainda são escassas. Entre as estratégias encontradas, o protocolo personalizado de compressão e o uso de almofadas compressíveis apresentaram eficácia analgésica, enquanto o uso da música não resultou em redução significativa da dor procedimental. No entanto, por se tratar de uma revisão integrativa, destaca-se a necessidade da realização de sínteses de evidências com maior rigor metodológico para estimar o tamanho do efeito analgésico dessas intervenções.

Impact of a Palliative Care Nurse Practitioner in an Oncology Clinic: A Quality Improvement Effort.

PURPOSE: Guidelines support early integration of palliative care (PC) into standard oncology practice; however, little is known as to whether outcomes can be improved by modifying health care delivery in a real-world setting. METHODS: We report our 6-year experience of embedding a nurse practitioner in an oncology clinic (March 2014-March 2020) to integrate early, concurrent advance care planning and PC. RESULTS: Compared with patients with advanced cancer not enrolled in the palliative care nurse practitioner program, in March 2020, patients who are enrolled are more likely to have higher quality of PC (eg, goals of care note documentation [82% v 15%; P < .01], referral to the psychosocial oncology program [67% v 37%; P < .01], and referral to hospice [61% v 34%; P < .01]) and less inpatient utilization in the last 6 months of life (eg, hospital days [12 v 18; P < .01] and intensive care unit days [1.2 v 2.3; P < .01]). The program expanded over time with the support of faculty skills training for advance care planning and PC, supporting a shared mental model of PC delivery within the oncology clinic. CONCLUSION: Embedding a trained palliative care nurse practitioner in oncology clinics to deliver early integrated PC can lead to improved quality of care for patients with advanced cancer.

Pain management during intravitreal injection: integrative review / Manejo da dor durante a injeção intravítrea: revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Intravitreal injection is a very common surgical procedure in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, and retinal vein occlusion. Because it's a treatment that causes pain and discomfort for the patient, therapies that reduce procedural pain are necessary. The aim of the study was to conduct an integrative review on pain management during administration of intravitreal injection. CONTENTS: The study was carried out in January 2021 in three databases (Pubmed, Bireme and Scielo) using the descriptors "intravitreal injections", "pain management" and "analgesia". After reading and analysis, 15 articles were selected. The results show several factors associated with pain management during intravitreal injection, such as the use of different anesthetics, needle gauge, injected medication, different surgical instruments and use of music. CONCLUSION: Studies have shown that proparacaine, especially when associated with subconjunctival lidocaine, ranibizumab and alternative techniques for intravitreal injection are preferable approaches to pain management during the procedure.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A injeção intravítrea é um procedimento cirúrgico muito comum no tratamento de doenças como a retinopatia diabética, o edema macular diabético e a oclusão da veia da retina. Por ser um tratamento que gera dor e desconforto ao paciente, terapias que diminuam a dor procedimental são necessárias. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão integrativa sobre o manejo da dor durante a administração de injeção intravítrea. CONTEÚDO: Estudo realizado no mês de janeiro de 2021 em três bases de dados (Pubmed, Bireme e Scielo) com o uso dos descritores "injeções intravítreas", "manejo da dor" e "analgesia". Após a leitura e análise, 15 artigos foram selecionados. Os resultados evidenciaram diversos fatores associados ao manejo da dor durante a injeção intravítrea, como o uso de diferentes anestésicos, calibre da agulha, fármaco administrado, diferentes instrumentos cirúrgicos e uso da música. CONCLUSÃO: Os estudos demonstraram que a proparacaína, principalmente quando associada à lidocaína subconjuntival, o ranibizumabe e as técnicas alternativas de aplicação da injeção intravítrea são abordagens preferíveis no manejo da dor durante o procedimento.

Design and Validation of Transcription-Mediated-Amplification Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for Mycoplasma genitalium.

Mycoplasma genitalium is a sexually transmitted bacterium linked to adverse sexual and reproductive health outcomes in women and men. M. genitalium is difficult to culture, and in the absence of validated amplified molecular methods for diagnosis of infection, there is no reference standard available for use as a comparator for the validation of new M. genitalium diagnostic tests. We evaluated the analytical and clinical performance of three transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) tests for M. genitalium, each targeting unique rRNA sequences, for use as a composite comparator for clinical validation of the Aptima Mycoplasma genitalium (AMG) assay, an in vitro diagnostic (IVD) TMA test that targets 16 s rRNA of M. genitalium Analytical sensitivity, specificity, and strain inclusivity of all four TMA tests were determined using nine laboratory strains of M. genitalium and 56 nontarget bacteria, protozoa, and viruses. Analytical sensitivity of the tests for M. genitalium ranged from 0.017 to 0.040 genome equivalents/ml. None of the nontarget organisms evaluated cross-reacted with any test. A composite comparator reference standard consisting of the 3 alternate (Alt) TMA tests was used to evaluate the clinical performance of the AMG assay by testing residual vaginal swab, female urine, and male urine specimens obtained from 1,400 adult subjects from three U.S. clinical sites. Using this reference standard to establish infected specimen status, the sensitivity, specificity, and overall agreement of the AMG IVD assay were 100%, 99.9%, and 99.9%, respectively. These results demonstrate the utility of molecular composite reference standard methodology for the clinical validation of future IVD tests for this organism.

Using Lean principles to optimise inpatient phlebotomy services.

BACKGROUND: In the USA, inpatient phlebotomy services are under constant operational pressure to optimise workflow, improve timeliness of blood draws, and decrease error in the context of increasing patient volume and complexity of work. To date, the principles of Lean continuous process improvement have been rarely applied to inpatient phlebotomy. AIMS: To optimise supply replenishment and cart standardisation, communication and workload management, blood draw process standardisation, and rounding schedules and assignments using Lean principles in inpatient phlebotomy services. METHODS: We conducted four Lean process improvement events and implemented a number of interventions in inpatient phlebotomy over a 9-month period. We then assessed their impact using three primary metrics: (1) percentage of phlebotomists drawing their first patient by 05:30 for 05:00 rounds, (2) percentage of phlebotomists completing 08:00 rounds by 09:30, and (3) number of errors per 1000 draws. RESULTS: We saw marked increases in the percentage of phlebotomists drawing their first patient by 05:30, and the percentage of phlebotomists completing rounds by 09:30 postprocess improvement. A decrease in the number of errors per 1000 draws was also observed. CONCLUSIONS: This study illustrates how continuous process improvement through Lean can optimise workflow, improve timeliness, and decrease error in inpatient phlebotomy. We believe this manuscript adds to the field of clinical pathology as it can be used as a guide for other laboratories with similar goals of optimising workflow, improving timeliness, and decreasing error, providing examples of interventions and metrics that can be tailored to specific laboratories with particular services and resources.

Relación del burnout y las estrategias de afrontamiento con el promedio académico en estudiantes universitarios / Relationship between burnout and coping strategies with GPA in university students

Se indagó la relación del burnout académico y las estrategias de afrontamiento con el promedio académico de una muestra de 283 universitarios tomados al azar de los programas de psicología y fisioterapia de la jornada diurna de una universidad privada de Barranquilla, quienes respondieron al MBI-SS y a la Escala de Estrategias de Afrontamiento-Modificada. Los resultados mostraron que la mayoría de los estudiantes presentaban bajos niveles de burnout académico, sin embargo se corroboró que el alto Agotamiento y Cinismo, afectan negativamente el promedio académico; mientras que la Autoeficacia ante los estudios, lo favorecía significativamente, por lo que se establece una relación negativa entre burnout y el promedio académico. Dentro de las estrategias de afrontamiento más frecuentemente utilizadas por los estudiantes, se halló la de Solución de Problemas, la cual se asocia con resultados más favorables en el promedio académico.

The academic burnout might be accompanied of inadequate strategies of coping, contributing to the accentuation of difficulties in the GPA or academic performance. Taking into account the implications of these variables in the performance and the dropout rate at university level, is relevant to investigate the relationship of the academic burnout and coping strategies with the academic performance. A correlational study with a sample of 283 students of the programs of Psychology and Physical therapy of the daytime hours of a private university of Barranquilla, who answered to the MBI-SS and to the Scale of Strategies of Coping Modified (EEC-M) was conducted. The results showed that the majority of the students were presenting low levels of academic burnout. Nevertheless, it was corroborated that the high Exhaustion and Cynicism can negatively affect academic performance; on the contrary, the Self-efficacy to studies, favored it significantly; for what it is possible to establish a negative relation between burnout and the academic performance. Inside the strategies more frequently used by the students, it was found that those that use the one of Solution of Problems in university activities tend to obtain more favorable results in their academic performance.

A lifetime of low-risk behaviors among HIV-positive Latinas in Los Angeles.

The objective is to assess the differences in lifetime and current transmission risk behaviors of HIV-positive and HIV-negative Latinas. In 2005-2006, 214 HIV-positive Latinas were recruited from systems of care and 111 HIV-negative Latina-matched controls were interviewed in Los Angeles, CA regarding lifetime and recent sexual and drug-taking risk behaviors. Multivariate OLS regression and logistic regression models were used to assess differences in lifetime and current transmission risk. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to lifetime exposure through injection drug use. HIV-positive Latinas reported significantly more lifetime sexual partners than HIV-negative Latinas. Rates of current sexual activity were not significantly different across the two groups. HIV-positive Latinas were less likely to report recent unprotected sex relative to HIV-negative Latinas. In Los Angeles, HIV-positive and HIV-negative Latinas were very similar with respect to transmission risk. The challenges these findings pose to prevention efforts that target Latinas and suggestions for new interventions are discussed.

Applying Lean/Toyota production system principles to improve phlebotomy patient satisfaction and workflow.

Our goals were to improve the overall patient experience and optimize the blood collection process in outpatient phlebotomy using Lean principles. Elimination of non-value-added steps and modifications to operational processes resulted in increased capacity to handle workload during peak times without adding staff. The result was a reduction of average patient wait time from 21 to 5 minutes, with the goal of drawing blood samples within 10 minutes of arrival at the phlebotomy station met for 90% of patients. In addition, patient satisfaction increased noticeably as assessed by a 5-question survey. The results have been sustained for 10 months with staff continuing to make process improvements.

Implementing clinical pathways for patients admitted to a medical service: lessons learned.

In an attempt to improve quality of care for patients admitted to our medical service we have implemented the use of pathways. These are printed standards of care and a mechanism for daily multidisciplinary documentation. The goals of our pathways are to: improve quality using printed standards of care; improve documentation of the care delivered; improve communication about daily goals between all team members, patients and families; standardize our in-patient chart format throughout the hospital; and increase efficiency of care. Pathways were designed to provide physicians and nurses with the standards for care and provide a mechanism for multidisciplinary documentation on our in-patient charts. We now have 2 pathways in use on our medical service. One is a clinical care plan (CCP) and the other is a Pancreatitis Pathway (PP) for patients admitted with acute pancreatitis and the other a guideline for care for all patients. The pathways were developed by teams including attending physicians (General Internists and Gastroenterologists), medicine house officers, nurses, and care coordinators. The pathways are used for all patients admitted to our medical service if they are admitted to one of 2 floors. This paper includes a comparison of outcomes for our first 9 patients who were managed using the pancreatitis pathway versus 7 patients cared for without the pathway. Significant differences in the pancreatitis pathway treated patients included: 1) less intense pain on day 2, (P = 0.04); 2) less pain on day of refeeding (P = 0.004); and 3) less IV fluids administered (P = 0.05). We also describe several lessons we have learned about using pathways for in-patients on a medical service in an academic medical center. We have learned the following lessons. Nursing documentation is improved. Physicians need ongoing encouragement and education about the value of pathways. There is considerable work involved for unit coordinators, care coordinators, and nursing in using pathways on a medical-surgical floor. There must be physician and nurse champions. There must be ongoing feedback to users. There must be input from users and edits. We believe the use of pathways as a process to remind clinicians of quality standards will improve the care of our patients by decreasing variation, improving team communication, and enhancing patient and family education.